Tham khảo Theophilos (hoàng đế)

Bury, J. B. (2008). History of the Eastern Empire from the Fall of Irene to the Accession of Basil: A.D. 802–867. ISBN 1-60520-421-8.Quản lý CS1: ref=harv (liên kết)
Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Michigan: The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7.Quản lý CS1: ref=harv (liên kết)
John Bagot Glubb The Empire of the Arabs, Hodder and Stoughton, London, 1963
Haldon, John (2008). The Byzantine Wars. The History Press.
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari History v. 33 "Storm and Stress along the Northern frontiers of the Abbasid Caliphate", transl. C. E. Bosworth, SUNY, Albany, 1991
The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, 1991.
Runciman, Steven (1930). A history of the First Bulgarian Empire. London: G. Bell & Sons.Quản lý CS1: ref=harv (liên kết)
Treadgold, Warren (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. The Stanford Press.

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